A 10-page rant that defendant wrote to his mailing list of interested gun enthusiasts about litigation against defendant that was then pending in Nevada state court was protected speech under CCP 425.16(e) since it related to a lawsuit. The rant may have contained statements that could be viewed as violations of securities laws (in soliciting funding for the lawsuit and vaguely promising in return an interest in the defendant’s business) or penal statutes about threats and harassment, but the statements were not illegal, as a matter of law, and fell outside the narrow exception created by Flatley v. Mauro (2006) 39 Cal.4th 299. Though the rant might be deemed advertising of the defendant’s business’ services, it contained no comparative advertising either touting defendant’s business or denigrating any competitor’s and thus was not exempted from protection by CCP 425.17(c).