Under Civ. Code 3333.2(c)(2), noneconomic damages in a medical malpractice case are limited to $250,000 unless the defendant provided services that exceeded “the scope of services for which the provider is licensed and which are not within any restriction imposed by the licensing agency or licensed hospital.” This decision holds that section 3333.2 applies to a physician’s assistant who has a legally enforceable agency relationship with a supervising physician and provides services within the scope of that agency relationship, even if the physician violates his or her obligation to provide adequate supervision.